Open letter regarding the Rwanda asylum scheme

Dear Prime Minister and Home Secretary,  

As people with lived experience of the asylum system, refugee and migrants’ rights, anti-trafficking, human rights and civil liberties, access to justice, children’s rights, violence against women and girls’ (VAWG), arts and culture, international development, racial justice, democracy, data privacy and technology rights, disability rights, religious and faith, environment justice, and LGBTQ+ rights organisations and groups, we resolutely oppose the Government’s announcement regarding its plans to send people seeking asylum to Rwanda. This plan is fundamentally out of step with widespread public support for refugees in the UK. We demand that you scrap this plan, abandon the Nationality and Borders Bill, cease plans to overhaul the Human Rights Act and instead create humane and effective solutions for the protection of refugees.

Sending people seeking asylum to Rwanda will cause immense suffering, with the most vulnerable people bearing the brunt. This is a shamefully cruel way to treat people who have come to the UK to seek protection, fleeing persecution or conflict. The UK already accepts proportionately fewer refugees than many other countries. The relatively small numbers of people who seek asylum in the UK do so because they have some connection here – they may have family here, connections to a diasporic community, or English language skills. Many people come from countries that are connected to the UK because of war, invasion or colonisation. To send people seeking asylum to Rwanda is cruel and immoral, and is a breach of the Refugee Convention.

The proposals are modelled on the offshore processing policy operated by the Australian government in Papua New Guinea and Nauru, in which resettlement was essentially impossible and which was internationally condemned for resulting in the cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of refugees.

Rwanda has a poor record on human rights. Its government persecutes independent journalists and opposition parties, and carries out threats and assassinations on people who have fled the country. Only last year at the UN, the UK government itself demanded “investigations into alleged killings, disappearances and torture”. The UK government itself warned about Rwanda’s restrictions on media freedom and civil society as recently as last year. Further, the situation for LGBTQI+ people in Rwanda is so dangerous that people have fled and applied for asylum in the UK. In 2021, the UK granted asylum to four Rwandan refugees – three men and one woman – so it is contradictory to claim that it is safe to send people seeking asylum to Rwanda.

This plan will result in more, not fewer, dangerous journeys – leaving more people at risk of being trafficked. Rwanda was previously involved in receiving people removed from Israel under a “voluntary departure” scheme between 2014 and 2017. Around 4,000 people were deported under that scheme to Rwanda and Uganda and almost all are thought to have left the country almost immediately, many attempting onward travel to Europe. Testimonies collected by the International Refugee Rights Initiative found that following their arrival in Rwanda from Israel, “people were being smuggled out of the country by land to Kampala within days.” Moreover, we note the Government’s statement (in its Equality Impact Assessment for the Nationality and Borders Bill) that in relation to their plans to use deterrence to encourage people to claim asylum elsewhere, that “evidence supporting the effectiveness of this approach is limited”. Where people remain undocumented in the UK without making an asylum claim due to their fear of deportation, they will remain vulnerable to labour exploitation. This plays directly into the hands of exploiters who use threats of deportation as a means to deter their victims from coming forward to authorities.

The cost of this plan will be astronomical. Australia’s offshore detention system cost more than $1 billion (AUS) per year to detain at most 3,127 people. The UK government has promised £120 million to Rwanda for a “trial”. This would be on top of the costs of detention, transportation, escorting and legal and administrative costs. It is ludicrous that such vast sums are being spent on this plan at the same time the government has refused to help people hit by the cost of living crisis. Moreover, the carbon footprint of hundreds of journeys to a country 4000 miles away will be immense and cannot be justified at this critical moment in the climate crisis.

The staggering lack of detail in these plans demonstrates to us how ill-thought through the policy is in terms of its implications and impacts on people, families and lives. For instance:

• Will people be forced onto planes going to Rwanda if they do not want to go?
• How will the government distinguish between those deserving residency in the UK and those in Rwanda? Will there be a legal procedure in the UK prior to any removal action being taken?
• Will vulnerable people, including torture survivors, survivors of trafficking, children, and people with serious mental health problems, be sent to Rwanda? Will people who are coming to the UK because they have family members here, be sent to Rwanda?
• Is it possible to claim asylum in Rwanda on sexual orientation and gender identity grounds – i.e. does Rwanda recognise LGBTQI+ people as being members of a particular social group under the Refugee Convention? If yes, how many cases on these grounds do they have per year and what is the grant rate?
• How will the government guarantee access to legal advice and representation and access to a court of law?
• Will there be any nationalities or categories of people that are excluded from being sent to Rwanda?
• Can the government confirm that people on arrival would be provided with means to support themselves, accommodation, food and clothing?
• Does the government’s repeated reference to ‘single men’ include those who have families that are still abroad and were hoping to be reunited under family reunion rules?
• What is the estimated cost per person of the plan to send people to Rwanda?
• What processes will be in place to identify and support victims of trafficking deported to Rwanda?
• The UK Government would, under law, remain responsible for protecting the people it sends to Rwanda from human rights abuses, including physical and sexual assault, persecution or cruel, inhumane or degrading conditions and treatment.

Ultimately, these plans are fundamentally out of step with public attitudes towards refugees. While the Home Office has floundered in its response to Ukrainians and Afghans seeking safety in the UK, the general public has indicated that it welcomes refugees.

The ultimate victims will be the most vulnerable in our society, who, in attempting to rebuild their lives after experiencing persecution, will be put at risk of experiencing further human rights abuses and taking their own lives. This will have a disproportionate impact on people from the Global South, who make up the majority of people arriving in the UK to claim asylum.

This plan simply cannot pass – we urge you to scrap these plans and the Nationality and Borders Bill, which has not yet passed and has received strong opposition in the House of Lords. We also oppose the proposed overhaul of the Human Rights Act.

Signed: 

Enver Solomon, Refugee Council
Bail for Immigration Detainees
Liberty
The Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants
Rainbow Migration
Haringey Migrant Support Centre
Govan Community Project
Focus on Labour Exploitation
Good Chance Theatre
Loraine Masiya Mponela, CARAG
Race Equality Foundation
Big Leaf Foundation
Dr Edie Friedman, Executive Director, The Jewish Council for Racial Equality (JCORE)
IMIX
West London Welcome
The Pickwell Foundation
Samphire
Waging Peace
Routes
William Gomes, Director, The William Gomes Podcast The William Gomes Podcast
Refugee Youth Service
Micro Rainbow
The Refugee Buddy Project
forRefugees
Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group
Room to Heal
VITA
Ice and Fire Theatre
Asylum Support Appeals Project
Latin American Women’s Rights Service
Right to Remain
Voices in Exile
Our World Too
Stonewall
Taskforce on Victims of Trafficking in Immigration Detention
Asylum Welcome
Association of Visitors to Immigration Detainees
Young Roots
Praxis
Streets Kitchen
Kalayaan
Our Second Home
Migrants’ Rights Network
Jesuit Refugee Service UK
Medical Justice
Law Centres Network
Labour Exploitation Advisory Group
Jesuit Refugee Service
Herts for Refugees
Boaz Trust
Gatwick Detainees Welfare Group
Unlock Democracy
HOPE not hate
Refugee Compassion
Best for Britain
Souad Talsi MBE, Founder of Al-Hasaniya Moroccan Women’s Centre
Merseyside Solidarity Knows No Borders
Asian Women’s Resource Centre
Middle Eastern Women and Society Organisation-MEWSO
Refugee Action
Migrant Voice
Amna
Committee on the Administration of Justice
RAS Voice ( Refugee and Asylum Seeker Voice)
After Exploitation
Polish Migrants Organise for Change (POMOC)
Leicester City of Sanctuary
Sussex Aid For Refugees
Detention Action
Helen Bamber Foundation
End Violence Against Women Coalition
Freedom United
Southall Black Sisters
Unseen
René Cassin
Refugee Aid Network
Indoamerican Refugee and Migrant Organisation (IRMO)
African Rainbow Family
Action Foundation
Manchester Migrant Solidarity
Children England
People’s History Museum
Bond
Allies for Justice
National AIDS Trust
New Weather Institute
Legal Aid Practitioners Group
Sophie Hayes Foundation
Another Europe is Possible
City of Sanctuary UK
Open Rights Group
Stand Up To Racism
Race Equality First
UK Must Act
Kent Refugee Action Network
Sussex Aid For Refugees
Childrens Law Centre
Article 39
Asylum Aid
Asylum Matters
Refugee Legal Support
JustRight Scotland
Asylum Matters
Fair Vote UK
Stand For All
Hope for Justice
Trinity Safe Space
Quakers in Britain
Statewatch
Veecca for Fresh Grassroots Rainbow community350.org 
Mona Adam for Shaman PR
Student Action for Refugees
Jubilee Debt Campaign
Teeslankas
Foxglove Legal
Together100 and Chorleywood4refugees
Street Talk
Birmingham City of Sanctuary
Care4Calais Liverpool
Unjust
Quaker Asylum and Refugee Network
Street Talk
RefuAid
Advice NI
The Snowdrop Project
BCHA (Bournemouth Churches Housing Association)
ECPAT UK
Share Knowsley
Scottish Refugee Council
Women for Refugee Women
St Vincent de Paul RC Church Justice & Peace group
Humanists UK
Methodist Asylum Project, Middlesbrough
Safe Passage International
Lifeline Options CIC
Disability Rights UK
Birmingham Schools of Sanctuary
Red Pepper magazine
Freedom from Torture
Solidarity with Refugees
Greenpeace UK
Mid Wales Refugee Action
Channel Rescue
Kanlungan Filipino Consortium
Citizens of the World Choir
Big Brother Watch 
Merseyside Refugee Support Network 
Liverpool City of Sanctuary 
350.org 
FODI (Sunderland)
Action for Refugees in Lewisham 
Migrant Help 
One Strong Voice 
Medact 
One September 
Runnymede Trust
Art Refuge
Medaille Trust
Reading Refugee Support Group
Reading City of Sanctuary
St Agnes & St Aidan Parish
The Equality Trust
Shropshire Supports Refugees
INQUEST
Seraphus
No To Hassockfield (Derwentside IRC)
REACHE Northwest
Phone Credit for Refugees and Displaced People
Sahir House

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